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Introduction to ASP.NET, Components and features with brief explanation


What is ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a web development platform, which provides a programming model. ASP.NET provided by Microsoft. It is used for creating web-based applications. ASP.NET was first released in the year 2002.

ASP.NET works on top of the HTTP protocol and uses the HTTP commands and policies to set a browser-to-server bilateral communication and cooperation.

The first version of ASP.NET deployed was 1.0. The most recent version of ASP.NET is version 4.6. ASP.Net is designed to work with the HTTP protocol. This is the standard protocol used across all web applications.

It is a comprehensive software infrastructure and various services required to build up robust web applications for PC, as well as mobile devices. ASP.Net applications can also be written in a variety of .Net languages. These include C#, VB.Net, and J#. In this chapter, you will see some basic fundamentals of the .Net framework.

ASP.NET is a part of the Microsoft .Net platform. ASP.NET applications are compiled codes, written using the extensible and reusable components or objects present in the .Net framework. These codes can use the entire hierarchy of classes in the .Net framework.

The full form of ASP is Active Server Pages, and .NET is Network Enabled Technologies. ASP.NET extends the .NET platform with tools and libraries specifically for building web apps. 

These are some things that ASP.NET adds to the .NET platform:

  • Base framework for processing web requests in C# or F#
  • Web-page templating syntax, known as Razor, for building dynamic web pages using C#
  • Libraries for common web patterns, such as Model View Controller (MVC)
  • An authentication system that includes libraries, a database, and template pages for handling logins, including multi-factor authentication and external authentication with Google, Twitter, and more.
  • Editor extensions to provide syntax highlighting, code completion, and other functionality specifically for developing web pages

Components of .Net Framework 4.5

  1. Language – A variety of languages exists for the .net framework. They are VB.net and C#. These can be used to develop web applications.
  2. Library - The .NET Framework includes a set of standard class libraries. The most common library used for web applications in .net is the Web library. The web library has all the necessary components used to develop.Net web-based applications.
  3. Common Language Runtime - The Common Language Infrastructure or CLI is a platform. .Net programs are executed on this platform. The CLR is used for performing key activities. Activities include Exception handling and Garbage collection.
  4. Common Type System-It provides guidelines for declaring, using, and managing types at runtime, and cross-language communication.
  5. Metadata and Assemblies - Metadata is the binary information describing the program, which is either stored in a portable executable file (PE) or in the memory. Assembly is a logical unit consisting of the assembly manifest, type metadata, IL code, and a set of resources like image files.
  6. Windows Forms - Windows Forms contain the graphical representation of any window displayed in the application.
  7. ASP.NET and ASP.NET AJAX - ASP.NET is the web development model and AJAX is an extension of ASP.NET for developing and implementing AJAX functionality. ASP.NET AJAX contains the components that allow the developer to update data on a website without a complete reload of the page.
  8. ADO.NET - It is the technology used for working with data and databases. It provides access to data sources like SQL Server, OLE DB, XML, etc. The ADO.NET allows connection to data sources for retrieving, manipulating, and updating data.
  9. Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) - It helps in building workflow-based applications in Windows. It contains activities, workflow runtime, workflow designer, and a rules engine.
  10. Windows Presentation Foundation - It provides a separation between the user interface and the business logic. It helps in developing visually stunning interfaces using documents, media, two and three-dimensional graphics, animations, and more.
  11. Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) - It is the technology used for building and executing connected systems.
  12. Windows CardSpace - It provides safety for accessing resources and sharing personal information on the internet.
  13. LINQ - It imparts data querying capabilities to .Net languages using a syntax which is similar to the traditional query language SQL.

ASP supports many different development models:

  1. Classic ASP
  2. ASP.NET Web Pages
  3. ASP.NET MVC
  4. ASP.NET Web API
  5. ASP.NET Web Forms
  6. ASP.NET Core
Classic ASP - Active Server Pages
ASP (aka Classic ASP) was introduced in 1998 as Microsoft's first server-side scripting language.
Classic ASP pages have the file extension .asp and are normally written in VBScript.

ASP.NET Web Pages
ASP.NET Web Pages is a SPA application model (Single Page Application).
The SPA model is quite similar to PHP and Classic ASP.
ASP.NET Web Pages is being merged into the new ASP.NET Core.

ASP.NET MVC
ASP.NET MVC is an MVC application model (Model-View-Controller).
ASP.NET MVC is being merged into the new ASP.NET Core.

ASP.NET Web API
ASP.NET API is an API application model (Application Programming Interface).
ASP.NET API is being merged into the new ASP.NET Core.

ASP.NET Web Forms
ASP.NET WebForms is an event-driven application model.
ASP.NET Web Forms is not a part of the new ASP.NET Core.

ASP.NET Core
ASP.NET Core was released in 2016.
ASP.NET Core merges ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages into one application framework.

Below are some of the key characteristics of the ASP.NET framework
  1. Code Behind Mode – This is the concept of separation of design and code. By making this separation, it becomes easier to maintain the ASP.Net application. The general file type of an ASP.Net file is aspx. Assume we have a web page called MyPage.aspx. There will be another file called MyPage.aspx.cs which would denote the code part of the page. So Visual Studio creates separate files for each web page, one for the design part and the other for the code.
  2. State Management – ASP.Net has the facility to control state management. HTTP is known as a stateless protocol. Let's take the example of a shopping cart application. Now, when a user decides what he wants to buy from the site, he will press the submit button.
  3. The application needs to remember the items the user chooses for the purchase. This is known as remembering the state of an application at a current point in time. HTTP is a stateless protocol. When the user goes to the purchase page, HTTP will not store the information on the cart items. Additional coding needs to be done to ensure that the cart items can be carried forward to the purchase page. Such an implementation can become complex at times. But ASP.Net can do state management on your behalf. So ASP.Net can remember the cart items and pass it over to the purchase page.
  4. Caching – ASP.Net can implement the concept of Caching. This improve's the performance of the application. By caching those pages which are often requested by the user can be stored in a temporary location. These pages can be retrieved faster and better responses can be sent to the user. So caching can significantly improve the performance of an application.


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